Prostate. 2019 Oct 4. doi: 10.1002/pros.23914. [Epub ahead of print]
Clonal evaluation of early onset prostate cancer by expression profiling of ERG, SPINK1, ETV1, and ETV4 on whole-mount radical prostatectomy tissue.
Lu Z1, Williamson SR1, Carskadon S2, Arachchige PD2, Dhamdhere G2, Schultz DS1, Stricker H2, Peabody JO2, Jeong W2, Chitale DA1, Bismar TA3, Rogers CG2, Menon M2, Gupta NS1, Palanisamy N2.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.
- 2
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.
- 3
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Expression profiles of erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS)-related gene fusions and serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1) in early onset prostate cancer have not been thoroughly explored.
METHODS:
We retrieved 151 radical prostatectomy specimens from young men with prostate cancer (less than 55 years) and characterized the expression of ETS-related gene (ERG), SPINK1, ETS Variant 1 (ETV1), and ETV4 by dual immunohistochemistry and dual RNA in situ hybridization. Age, race, family history, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, biochemical recurrence, and pathological variables using whole-mount radical prostatectomy tissue were collected.
RESULTS:
A total of 313 tumor nodules from 151 men including 68 (45%) Caucasians and 61 (40%) African Americans were included in the analysis. Positive family history of prostate cancer was seen in 65 (43%) patients. Preoperative prostate-specific antigen ranged from 0.3 to 52.7 ng/mL (mean = 7.04). The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 123.7 months (mean = 30.3). Biochemical recurrence was encountered in 8 of 151 (5%). ERG overexpression was observed in 85 of 151 (56%) cases, followed by SPINK1 in 61 of 151 (40%), ETV1 in 9 of 149 (6%), and ETV4 in 4 of 141 (3%). There were 25 of 151 (17%) cases showing both ERG and SPINK1 overexpression within different regions of either the same tumor focus or different foci. Higher frequency of ERG overexpression was seen in younger patients (≤45 years old; 76% vs 49%, P = .002), Caucasian men (71% vs 41% P = .0007), organ-confined tumors (64% vs 33%, P = .0008), and tumors of Gleason Grade groups 1 and 2 (62% vs 26%, P = .009). SPINK1 overexpression was more in African American men (68% vs 26%, P = .00008), in tumors with high tumor volume (>20%) and with anterior located tumors. ETV1 and ETV4 demonstrated rare overexpression in these tumors, particularly in the higher-grade tumors.
CONCLUSION:
This study expands the knowledge of the clonal evolution of multifocal cancer in young patients and support differences in relation to racial background and genetics of prostate cancer.
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KEYWORDS:
Immunohistochemistry; Prostate cancer; RNA in situ hybridization; Tumor heterogeneity; Whole-mount radical prostatectomy
- PMID:
- 31584209
- DOI:
- 10.1002/pros.23914
